Physiology Flashcards (Block 1.2)
57 free spaced-repetition flashcards for Physiology, Block 1.2: Integument and Musculoskeletal System. Review what's due each day; works offline.
Cards in this deck
- Define skeletal (striated) muscle.
- Name the four properties of muscle tissue.
- Give the levels of organization of skeletal muscle.
- Connective tissue layers of muscle from outside in?
- Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum: what are they?
- What is a T-tubule and what is a triad?
- Define the sarcomere.
- Which sarcomere bands shorten during contraction and which stays the same?
- Classify the sarcomere proteins by function.
- What are the three subunits of troponin?
- What does titin do?
- Which muscle type lacks troponin and what replaces it?
- Compare initiation of contraction in skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
- Which muscle type is fastest and which is slowest?
- List the five links from nerve to twitch.
- What happens at the neuromuscular junction?
- State the all-or-none principle for muscle.
- How is the action potential coupled to Ca²⁺ release in skeletal muscle?
- How does Ca²⁺ switch on contraction?
- Describe the crossbridge cycle starting from rigor.
- What are the three uses of ATP in contraction and relaxation?
- State the sliding filament theory.
- How does skeletal muscle relax?
- Name the three pathways that regenerate ATP in muscle, with yield and duration.
- Give sport examples for each energy pathway.
- Hypertrophy vs atrophy?
- Why does rigor mortis occur?
- What is a muscle cramp and how is it relieved?
- Name the three factors that determine contraction strength.
- What is the optimal sarcomere length and why?
- Active vs passive vs total tension?
- Define a motor unit.
- What is the size principle?
- What is a twitch and what are its phases?
- What is treppe?
- What is summation?
- Unfused vs fused tetanus?
- What is fatigue and what are its two types?
- Isotonic vs isometric contraction?
- How does load affect isotonic contraction?
- Define a reflex.
- What makes a stimulus adequate for a reflex?
- Name the five components of a reflex arc.
- Give four ways to classify reflexes.
- Which reflexes are monosynaptic?
- Describe the stretch reflex pathway.
- Give the segments of the biceps, triceps, patellar and Achilles reflexes.
- What is the normal response to the abdominal reflex?
- Direct vs consensual pupillary light reflex?
- How are tendon reflexes graded?
- Hyperreflexia vs hyporeflexia?
- Why is a frog (Rana sp.) used in the wet lab?
- Why is the frog pithed before the experiment?
- What does a kymograph record?
- In PhysioEx, what happens as stimulus voltage increases?
- In PhysioEx, why does 10 V give no more force than 8.5 V for a single twitch?
- What is maximal tetanic tension?