Anatomy Flashcards (Block 1.2)

144 free spaced-repetition flashcards for Anatomy, Block 1.2: Integument and Musculoskeletal System. Review what's due each day; works offline.

Cards in this deck

Describe the anatomical position.
Which plane divides the body into right and left halves through the midline?
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?
What is the difference between proximal/distal and superior/inferior?
Ipsilateral vs contralateral?
Name the vertical reference lines on the lateral chest wall.
What do the abbreviations a., v., n., m., lig. and art. stand for?
Foramen, fossa, incisura, fissura: what does each mean?
Tuber, tuberculum, tuberositas: how do they differ?
Classify bones by shape, with an example of each.
Name the parts of a long bone.
Give the three subtypes of fibrous joint with an example of each.
Synchondrosis vs symphysis?
Match each synovial joint type to an example: ginglymus, trochoidea, sellaris, spheroidea, plana.
Define origin, insertion and action of a muscle.
Nucleus vs ganglion; tractus vs nervus?
Where does the thoracic duct empty?
List the four steps of fertilization.
Where does fertilization usually occur?
What do the inner and outer cell masses of the morula become?
Why is week 2 called the 'week of twos'?
Which layer produces hCG?
What is gastrulation and which layer gives rise to all three germ layers?
What are the two key jobs of the notochord?
When do the cranial and caudal neuropores close, and what happens if they fail to?
Name the derivatives of the neural crest.
What does each part of a somite form?
What does intermediate mesoderm form?
Foregut, midgut and hindgut: which artery supplies each?
Which genes set left-sidedness, and what keeps them on the left?
What are the three parts of the sternum?
Why is the sternal angle (angle of Louis) an important landmark?
True, false and floating ribs: which ribs are which?
Name the parts of a typical rib.
Which ribs are atypical?
What lies in front of and behind the scalene tubercle on rib I?
An intercostal space is numbered after which rib, and where is the normal apex beat?
Name the three layers of thoracic wall muscles and their main actions.
What is the order of the intercostal neurovascular bundle in the costal groove?
Where do the posterior intercostal arteries of spaces 1–2 and 3–11 come from?
What is thoracic outlet syndrome and a classic cause?
How many vertebrae are there in each region?
Primary vs secondary curvatures of the spine?
How do you identify a cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebra?
What makes the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) distinctive?
Why is C7 called the vertebra prominens?
What is the hiatus sacralis and why does it matter?
Name the two parts of an intervertebral disc and the origin of the core.
In which direction and at which levels does a disc usually herniate?
Which ligament limits extension of the vertebral column, and which joins the laminae?
Name the columns of erector spinae from lateral to medial.
Which movements occur at the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints?
Neurocranium vs viscerocranium: how do they develop?
Anterior vs posterior fontanelle: shape and closure time?
List the 8 bones of the neurocranium.
List the 14 bones of the viscerocranium.
What is pterion and why is it clinically important?
Define bregma and lambda.
Name the four parts of the temporal bone.
What forms the hard palate?
Through which openings do V1, V2 and V3 leave the skull?
What passes through the foramen jugulare?
What passes through the internal acoustic meatus and the stylomastoid foramen?
Which bones form each cranial fossa?
Name the five layers of the scalp.
Why is the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp called the danger space?
Which nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression, and from which pharyngeal arch do they develop?
Pars orbitalis vs pars palpebralis of orbicularis oculi?
What does buccinator do?
List the muscles of mastication and their nerve.
Which muscle of mastication opens the jaw?
List the branches of the external carotid artery from below up.
Where can the facial and superficial temporal pulses be felt?
What is the 'danger triangle' of the face?
Which sensory nerve supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible?
Name the five terminal branches of the facial nerve.
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
What is unique about the hyoid bone and at what level does it lie?
Boundaries of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Boundaries and contents of the carotid triangle?
Which nerve crosses the posterior triangle to trapezius?
Which nerve supplies the infrahyoid (strap) muscles?
Which nerve runs close behind the thyroid and what does injury cause?
Thyroid vs parathyroid hormones: effect on blood calcium?
Where do all lymph vessels of the head and neck ultimately drain?
What is Virchow's node and why does it matter?
How does Bell's palsy differ from a stroke affecting the face?
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body?
What attaches to the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles?
Which nerves are at risk at the surgical neck, radial groove and medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Name the carpal bones, proximal then distal row, lateral to medial.
Which carpal bone is most often fractured and what is the risk?
Name the rotator cuff muscles and which one initiates abduction.
Which rotator cuff muscle inserts on the lesser tubercle?
Which nerves supply trapezius, latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior?
What is the main elbow flexor and what is biceps's strongest action?
Which forearm flexors are not supplied by the median nerve?
Which hand muscles does the median nerve supply?
PAD and DAB?
Contents of the quadrangular space and triangular interval?
Contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?
Contents of the carpal tunnel?
Boundaries and content of the anatomical snuffbox?
Name the stages and roots of the brachial plexus.
Which terminal branches come from the posterior cord?
Match nerve injury to deformity: wrist drop, claw hand, hand of benediction, winged scapula.
Which superficial vein runs up the thumb side, and which is used for venepuncture?
Which group of axillary nodes drains most of the breast?
Tennis elbow vs golfer's elbow?
Which three bones fuse to form the os coxae, and where?
Name four palpable landmarks of the hip bone.
What is the neck–shaft angle of the femur, and what attaches to the linea aspera?
Which is the largest sesamoid bone and what does it do?
Which tarsal bone has no muscle attachments?
Chopart's joint vs Lisfranc's joint?
What is the strongest ligament in the body?
What do the ACL and PCL each prevent?
Which ligament is torn first in an inversion ankle sprain?
What is the strongest hip flexor and where does it insert?
Gluteus maximus vs gluteus medius: action and nerve?
What is the Trendelenburg sign?
Where are gluteal intramuscular injections given, and why?
Name the four heads of quadriceps and their nerve.
Which is the longest muscle in the body?
Which nerve supplies the medial thigh adductors, and which two exceptions exist?
Name the hamstrings and their nerve.
Match each leg compartment to its nerve and main action.
What is triceps surae?
What passes above and below piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen?
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Lacuna musculorum vs lacuna vasorum?
Boundaries of the femoral ring and why femoral hernias strangulate.
Boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle.
Contents of the adductor (Hunter's) canal.
Boundaries and contents of the popliteal fossa (superficial to deep).
What passes behind the medial malleolus?
Where are the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses felt?
Which artery mainly supplies the femoral head?
Great vs small saphenous vein: course.
What are the roots of the sciatic nerve and its two terminal divisions?
Where is the common fibular nerve vulnerable and what does injury cause?
What is the Thompson test?
Genu varum vs genu valgum?
Early signs of compartment syndrome?